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Bee Propolis Extract

Q: How often should I use propolis?

The frequency depends on the condition; for oral health, multiple daily applications may be necessary. Follow specific product instructions or consult a healthcare provider.

Q: Can I use propolis if I am allergic to bees?

No, individuals with known allergies to bee products should avoid propolis to prevent allergic reactions.

Q: What are the potential interactions with other medications?

Propolis may interact with immunosuppressive drugs and other medications affecting the immune system. Consult a healthcare provider before use.

Q: Is propolis safe for long-term use?

Generally, it is considered safe, but long-term studies are limited. Monitor for any adverse effects and consult a healthcare provider if needed.

Q: What can I expect from using propolis for RAS?

Propolis has been shown to reduce recurrence rates and the degree of redness associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).

Also known as: Bee propolis, Bee glue, Bee Propolis

Overview

Bee propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from various plant sources, primarily trees and shrubs. It is a complex mixture composed of resins, waxes, fatty acids, essential oils, pollen, and other organic compounds. Bees use propolis to seal and protect their hives, leveraging its antimicrobial and structural properties. In traditional medicine, propolis is valued for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiulcer, and immunomodulatory effects. Common applications include oral health, skin conditions, and as an adjunct in periodontal therapy. The composition of propolis varies significantly depending on the plant species available to the bees. It typically contains 50-60% resins and balms, 30-40% waxes and fatty acids, 5-10% essential oils, and 5% pollen. Research on propolis is moderately mature, with several systematic reviews and meta-analyses available, although limitations such as small sample sizes and variability in study designs exist.

Benefits

Bee propolis offers several evidence-based benefits. It has shown significant efficacy in reducing recurrence rates and erythema in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), with a risk ratio (RR) of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.33 to 1.46, p < 0.00001). Propolis has also demonstrated superior healing properties compared to acyclovir in treating herpes simplex virus infections, with a healing time of 8 days versus 9 days for acyclovir. Additionally, it improves clinical and microbiological parameters when used as an adjuvant in periodontal therapy, such as plaque reduction and gum health. Secondary benefits include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, observed in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, and immune modulation, with increased Foxp3 expression and lymphocyte proliferation in HIV-infected individuals. These benefits are particularly relevant for oral health and skin conditions.

How it works

Bee propolis exerts its effects through multiple biological pathways. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, reducing inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Its antibacterial and antifungal actions help combat infections. Propolis also modulates the immune system by influencing cytokine balances and enhancing lymphocyte proliferation. The active components, including phenolic compounds and flavonoids, interact with various body systems, particularly the skin and mucous membranes, promoting healing and reducing inflammation. While the exact molecular targets are not fully elucidated, the diverse bioactive substances in propolis contribute to its therapeutic effects. Absorption and bioavailability depend on the form of administration and the specific compounds present.

Side effects

Bee propolis is generally considered safe when used appropriately, but potential side effects and interactions should be considered. Common side effects include allergic reactions, skin irritation, and gastrointestinal upset, particularly with topical use. Uncommon side effects may include more severe allergic reactions or interactions with other medications. Rarely, severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis can occur. Propolis may interact with immunosuppressive drugs and other medications that affect the immune system. It is contraindicated for individuals with known allergies to bee products or certain plant resins. Pregnant or breastfeeding women and individuals with compromised immune systems should consult healthcare providers before use. Safety warnings include monitoring for allergic reactions and being cautious when combining propolis with other medications.

Dosage

The minimum effective dose of bee propolis varies depending on the condition being treated. For oral health, topical application of propolis extracts at concentrations of 10-20% has been effective for RAS. There is no established maximum safe dose, but high doses may increase the risk of side effects. Topical application can be done multiple times a day, while systemic administration should follow specific study protocols. Propolis is available in various forms, including mouthwashes, toothpastes, and topical creams. The form should be chosen based on the intended use. Absorption can vary based on the form and route of administration. No specific cofactors are required, but the presence of other nutrients may enhance its bioavailability and efficacy.

FAQs

How often should I use propolis?

The frequency depends on the condition; for oral health, multiple daily applications may be necessary. Follow specific product instructions or consult a healthcare provider.

Can I use propolis if I am allergic to bees?

No, individuals with known allergies to bee products should avoid propolis to prevent allergic reactions.

What are the potential interactions with other medications?

Propolis may interact with immunosuppressive drugs and other medications affecting the immune system. Consult a healthcare provider before use.

Is propolis safe for long-term use?

Generally, it is considered safe, but long-term studies are limited. Monitor for any adverse effects and consult a healthcare provider if needed.

What can I expect from using propolis for RAS?

Propolis has been shown to reduce recurrence rates and the degree of redness associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).

Research Sources

https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/12/1/13 – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 studies found that propolis significantly reduced the recurrence rates and degree of redness in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The risk ratio (RR) for treatment efficacy was 1.40 (95% CI: 1.33 to 1.46, p < 0.00001), indicating a clinically significant effect. The review noted limitations such as small sample sizes, heterogeneity, and potential publication bias, but applied GRADE assessment to evaluate evidence certainty.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34965458/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 studies demonstrated that propolis showed superior healing properties compared to acyclovir in treating herpes simplex virus infections. Propolis resulted in a healing time of 8 days versus 9 days for acyclovir (95% CI: 2.70 to 8.25, p = 0.0001). The review highlighted the potential of propolis as an antiherpetic agent, while acknowledging limitations such as a limited number of studies and variability in outcomes.
https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S2215-34112022000100032&script=sci_arttext – This systematic review of 7 studies found that propolis, when used as an adjuvant in periodontal therapy, improved clinical and microbiological parameters in patients aged 25 to 63 years. The review reported statistically significant improvements in plaque reduction and gum health over a duration of up to 3 months. The authors followed the PRISMA statement but highlighted the need for more extensive and standardized studies due to small sample sizes and variability in study designs.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2017/8025752 – This review provides a comprehensive overview of propolis, detailing its composition, biological activities, and therapeutic applications. It highlights propolis's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and immunomodulatory properties. The review emphasizes the variability in propolis composition based on plant sources and discusses its potential use in treating various conditions, including oral diseases, skin infections, and immune disorders.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-00913249/related-content – This Cochrane Library entry refers to a study on the effects of propolis. While the full details require further investigation within the Cochrane Library, it suggests that propolis has been examined for its potential therapeutic effects in a clinical setting. Further research within the Cochrane Library is recommended to understand the specific findings and context of this study.