Atractylodis Macrocephalae
Also known as: Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Bai Zhu, Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome, Atractylodes macrocephala
Overview
Atractylodes macrocephala, commonly known as Bai Zhu, is the dried rhizome of a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is a traditional herbal supplement primarily used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to strengthen the spleen and stomach and to resolve dampness. Its active constituents include volatile oils, polysaccharides, and amino acids. Research indicates its potential in modulating the immune system, improving gastrointestinal function, and serving as an adjunct therapy in certain cancer treatments. While evidence quality varies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses support its efficacy, particularly when used in combination with other herbs, though more research is needed to isolate its effects.
Benefits
Atractylodes macrocephala has demonstrated several evidence-based benefits, primarily when used in multi-herb formulations. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed that formulations containing Atractylodes macrocephala, when combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients, significantly improved objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and quality of life (QOL), while reducing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) compared to NAC alone. This suggests a strong benefit as an adjunct cancer therapy. Another systematic review and meta-analysis found that Atractylodes macrocephala-Paeonia lactiflora class formulas provided significant symptom relief for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) compared to Western medications, with robust results confirmed by trial sequential analysis. Preclinical animal studies also suggest that its polysaccharides can improve intestinal microbiota balance and gastrointestinal function, offering a mechanistic basis for its digestive benefits, though clinical translation is pending.
How it works
The therapeutic effects of Atractylodes macrocephala are attributed to its active compounds, including polysaccharides and volatile oils. These components are believed to modulate gastrointestinal motility and secretion, contributing to improved digestive function. The polysaccharides, in particular, have been shown in animal studies to positively influence the gut microbiota composition, promoting a healthier intestinal microecology. Furthermore, the herb is thought to enhance immune function by interacting with immune cells such as lymphocytes, thereby contributing to systemic immune responses. The bioavailability of these compounds is influenced by preparation methods, with polysaccharides being metabolized in the gut and volatile oils potentially exerting systemic effects.
Side effects
Atractylodes macrocephala is generally considered safe when used within traditional dosage ranges, with a low incidence of adverse effects reported in clinical trials. The most commonly observed side effects, though rare, include mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Current literature does not extensively document significant drug interactions or contraindications. However, specific safety data regarding its use during pregnancy, lactation, or in individuals with severe hepatic or renal impairment are not well established, and caution is advised in these populations. As with any supplement, individuals with pre-existing medical conditions or those taking other medications should consult a healthcare professional before use.
Dosage
Clinical trials predominantly utilize Atractylodes macrocephala as a component within multi-herb formulas, making isolated dosing recommendations limited. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) typically suggests a daily dosage range of approximately 6–15 grams of the dried rhizome, usually prepared as a decoction. The optimal dosage can vary significantly based on the specific formulation, the intended therapeutic purpose, and individual patient factors. For conditions like IBS and as an adjunct in cancer therapy, the dosage is standardized within the context of the herbal formula. The method of preparation, such as decoction or specific extraction techniques, can influence the absorption and bioavailability of its active compounds, particularly the polysaccharide content, which is considered a key active component.
FAQs
Is Atractylodes macrocephala effective as a standalone treatment?
Most clinical evidence supports its efficacy primarily when used in combination with other herbs or conventional therapies, rather than as a monotherapy.
How long does it take to observe the effects of Atractylodes macrocephala?
Clinical improvements, particularly in conditions like IBS and as an adjunct in cancer therapy, are generally observed over a period of weeks to several months of consistent treatment.
Is Atractylodes macrocephala safe for long-term use?
While short- to medium-term use appears safe with a low incidence of side effects, comprehensive data on the long-term safety of Atractylodes macrocephala are currently limited.
Research Sources
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1431381/full – This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs found that Atractylodes macrocephala-containing traditional Chinese medicine combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved objective response rate, disease control rate, and quality of life, while reducing adverse drug reactions in advanced gastric cancer patients. The study highlights its potential as an effective adjunct therapy.
- https://www.cureus.com/articles/199172-atractylodes-macrocephala-paeonia-lactiflora-class-formula-for-the-treatment-of-irritable-bowel-syndrome-a-systematic-review-with-meta-analysis-and-trial-sequential-analysis.pdf – This systematic review and meta-analysis, including trial sequential analysis, demonstrated that Atractylodes macrocephala-Paeonia lactiflora class formulas significantly relieved symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome compared to Western medications. The robust methodology supports its efficacy for IBS treatment.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39479020/ – This PubMed entry corresponds to the Frontiers in Oncology article, providing an abstract for the systematic review and meta-analysis on Atractylodes macrocephala as an adjunct therapy for advanced gastric cancer, reinforcing its benefits in improving patient outcomes.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.1102605/full – This animal study investigated the effects of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides on intestinal microbiota and gastric function in a rat model of mucosal gastric hyperplasia. It found that the polysaccharides improved gut microbiota diversity and balance, providing mechanistic insight into its gastrointestinal benefits.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38186470/ – This PubMed entry refers to the Cureus article, summarizing the findings of the systematic review and meta-analysis on Atractylodes macrocephala-Paeonia lactiflora class formula for Irritable Bowel Syndrome, confirming its effectiveness in symptom relief.
