Artichoke Fruit Leaf Extract
Also known as: Artichoke, Globe Artichoke, Artichoke Fruit Leaf Extract, *Cynara scolymus*
Overview
Artichoke fruit leaf extract is obtained from the leaves of the *Cynara scolymus* plant, native to the Mediterranean region. It is utilized as a dietary supplement primarily for its lipid-lowering properties and potential cardiovascular health benefits. The extract is rich in polyphenolic compounds, including cynarin, luteolin, and chlorogenic acid, which are thought to play crucial roles in its therapeutic effects. The body of research surrounding artichoke leaf extract indicates moderate maturity, with numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses contributing to its efficacy profile. The available evidence supports its use in improving lipid profiles, particularly in individuals with high cholesterol or metabolic syndrome, although further studies are necessary for a comprehensive understanding of its full range of effects.
Benefits
Artichoke leaf extract has demonstrated several health benefits. Key findings include significant reductions in total cholesterol (approximately -17.6 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (-14.9 mg/dL), and triglycerides (-9.2 mg/dL) as per a meta-analysis of clinical trials. No substantial effect on HDL cholesterol has been observed. Secondary benefits include potential improvements in conditions such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, albeit with less robust evidence. These lipid-lowering effects are particularly beneficial for individuals with hypercholesterolemia or metabolic syndrome, providing a clinically significant impact on cardiovascular health. Improvements in lipid profiles are typically identifiable within weeks to months of consistent supplementation.
How it works
The mechanism of action of artichoke leaf extract involves its key polyphenolic compounds, such as luteolin and chlorogenic acid, which are believed to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme critical for cholesterol synthesis. This inhibition results in a lowered synthesis of cholesterol, leading to improvements in lipid profiles. The extract primarily impacts the cardiovascular system by modulating lipid metabolism, and while the bioavailability of these active compounds is not extensively documented, it is considered sufficient to elicit desired biological effects.
Side effects
Artichoke leaf extract is generally regarded as safe when used according to recommended guidelines. However, common side effects, occurring in over 5% of users, may include gastrointestinal issues like nausea and bloating. Uncommon side effects may involve allergic reactions or interactions with specific medications, while rare side effects have not been well-documented. Caution is advised for individuals on cholesterol-lowering medications due to potential interactions. Additionally, the use of this extract is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to a lack of safety data. Special populations, such as individuals with liver or kidney disease, should use the supplement with caution to prevent potential complications.
Dosage
For effective outcomes, the typical dosage of artichoke leaf extract ranges from 2 to 3 grams per day. These doses are associated with significant lipid-lowering effects, particularly among individuals with elevated cholesterol levels. While the maximum safe dosage has not been definitively established, doses up to 3 grams daily are commonly utilized. There are no specific timing recommendations for supplementation, and it is often found in forms such as capsules or tablets. Factors such as the presence of other nutrients may influence the absorption of the extract, although no specific cofactors have been identified as essential for its efficacy.
FAQs
How do I choose a high-quality artichoke supplement?
Look for products that are standardized to contain specific active compounds, backed by third-party testing, and transparent about ingredient sourcing.
Is artichoke extract safe to use?
Yes, artichoke leaf extract is generally considered safe but may interact with specific medications, so consult a healthcare provider if unsure.
When is the best time to take artichoke extract?
There are no specific timing recommendations; it can be taken at any time of day as part of your routine.
How long will it take to see results from artichoke extract?
Users typically observe improvements in lipid profiles within a few weeks to months of consistent use.
Does artichoke extract increase HDL cholesterol?
No, studies indicate that there is no significant effect on HDL cholesterol levels from artichoke leaf extract.
Research Sources
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28609140/ – This meta-analysis evaluates nine trials involving 702 subjects and concludes that artichoke leaf extract effectively reduces total and LDL cholesterol levels significantly. Limitations include variability in study designs.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34569671/ – An updated meta-analysis reviewing 14 studies confirmed the lipid-lowering effects of artichoke leaf extract, finding notable reductions in cholesterol without impacting HDL levels.
- https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/7148/2/The%20effect%20of%20artichoke%20on%20lipid%20profile.pdf – This narrative review discusses the potential mechanisms by which artichoke leaf extract may improve lipid profiles, emphasizing the role of its polyphenolic constituents but calls for more robust research.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26310198/ – The study assesses the impacts of artichoke extract on lipid metabolism, confirming its effectiveness in lipid management while suggesting more investigation into its broader health applications.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/6/872 – This research provides a comprehensive overview of the lipid-lowering effects of artichoke extract, highlighting the need for continued studies to explore any additional health benefits.
