Artichoke Flower Extract
Also known as: Artichoke, Artichoke Flower Extract, Cynara scolymus
Overview
Artichoke (*Cynara scolymus*) is a perennial plant native to the Mediterranean, commonly consumed as a vegetable. The extracts of artichoke are utilized in dietary supplements primarily for their traditional use in alleviating digestive issues, and modern applications focus on their potential lipid-lowering effects. Artichoke is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and cynarin, which contribute to its overall health benefits. Several clinical trials and meta-analyses have been conducted to evaluate the effects of artichoke extracts, revealing moderate research maturity. Despite variability in extract preparations and dosages, the existing evidence supports the beneficial properties of artichoke extracts, especially concerning cholesterol management in specific populations.
Benefits
Artichoke extract supplementation has been shown to significantly lower total cholesterol (WMD: -17.6 mg/dL, p < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (WMD: -14.9 mg/dL, p = 0.011), and triglycerides (WMD: -9.2 mg/dL, p = 0.011), indicating favorable lipid profile changes. While no significant effect on HDL cholesterol was observed, these lipid-lowering effects are particularly beneficial for individuals with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. The quantitative outcomes imply mild clinical significance, and although improvements are not well-documented over time, they are typically seen within trial durations of weeks to months.
How it works
Artichoke extracts are believed to influence lipid metabolism primarily through modulation of bile acid synthesis and cholesterol absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. The active compounds, including cynarin and various flavonoids, may interact with metabolic enzymes that play critical roles in lipid metabolism, thus facilitating improved cholesterol profiles. The interaction of these extracts predominantly impacts the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, although specific pathways and absorption mechanisms remain less understood.
Side effects
Artichoke extracts are generally well-tolerated, with the most common side effects being mild gastrointestinal disturbances, which may occur in over 5% of users. Less common side effects, occurring in 1-5% of users, include allergic reactions and digestive discomfort. Rare side effects have not been well-documented. Caution is advised for individuals taking cholesterol-lowering medications due to potential interactions, though these have not been extensively studied. Users with allergies to artichokes or related plants should avoid use, and special consideration should be given to pregnant or breastfeeding women due to insufficient safety data.
Dosage
The recommended dosage of artichoke leaf extract typically ranges from 500 mg to 2700 mg per day. While optimal dosing is not firmly established, doses employed in clinical trials have been effective. There is no clearly defined maximum safe dose, as high doses have not been associated with adverse effects. Consistent daily intake is adopted, although there are no specific recommendations regarding timing of administration. Commonly available forms include capsules or tablets, and it is noted that absorption may be influenced by food or other nutrients present in the gastrointestinal tract.
FAQs
Is artichoke extract safe?
Yes, artichoke extract is generally safe for most people, though mild gastrointestinal side effects can occur.
Can artichoke extract interact with medications?
Yes, artichoke extract may interact with cholesterol-lowering medications; consult a healthcare provider if on such treatments.
How long does it take to see benefits from artichoke extract?
Mild improvements in lipid profiles may typically be observed within weeks to months of consistent use.
Can pregnant women take artichoke extract?
Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare provider due to limited safety data.
Is artichoke extract a substitute for medication?
No, artichoke extract should be considered a complementary therapy and not a replacement for medical treatment.
Research Sources
- https://academy.miloa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/A.-Sahebkar-A.-F.-Cicero-al-2017-3.pdf – This meta-analysis evaluated 9 randomized controlled trials with 702 participants, confirming that artichoke extract significantly reduces total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides. The quality of evidence was noted to be high, although the variability in extract preparations and dosing was a limitation.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34569671/ – An updated meta-analysis involving 14 studies further confirmed significant reductions in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C associated with artichoke extract consumption, highlighting its efficacy in lipid management.
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28609140/ – This study added to the understanding of the effects of artichoke leaf extracts, establishing a basis for recognizing its health benefits, though it did not exclusively focus on the flower extract.
