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Andrographis Leaf Extract

Also known as: Green chiretta, Creat, King of bitter, Kalmegh, *Andrographis paniculata*

Overview

Andrographis paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant native to India and Sri Lanka, prevalent throughout Southern and Southeastern Asia. Known for its medicinal benefits, the leaves and roots are commonly extracted for use in treatments targeting respiratory tract infections, bacterial infections, and various diseases. The primary bioactive compound, andrographolide, exhibits several pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anticancer, and hepatoprotective activities. The research maturity on *Andrographis paniculata* is high, with numerous studies assessing its therapeutic potential, particularly for respiratory conditions. Despite its traditionally established applications, the compound's low water solubility diminishes its effectiveness, although more soluble derivatives are gaining traction in clinical applications. Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses substantiate the efficacy and safety profile of this herbal supplement, underscoring its role in contemporary health care.

Benefits

Evidence-based benefits of *Andrographis paniculata* are multi-faceted. It has been reported to relieve symptoms associated with respiratory tract infections (RTIs), with systematic reviews indicating its effectiveness in reducing symptom duration. Specifically, one meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvement in symptom severity among those experiencing RTIs. Secondary effects include its anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial properties, with preliminary evidence suggesting potential benefits against neuroinflammation linked to diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The benefits are observed across diverse populations, especially those with autoimmune conditions or infections. While effect sizes show a meaningful reduction in symptoms, clinical studies have maintained a low incidence of serious adverse events, reinforcing its status as a generally safe treatment option for respiratory health.

How it works

Andrographolide, the key component of *Andrographis paniculata*, interacts with various biological pathways. It exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which are critical in inflammatory responses. Additionally, it demonstrates anti-viral properties by disrupting viral replication processes and showcases anti-bacterial activity through inhibition of bacterial growth. The compound also possesses antioxidant properties, enhancing immune response modulation. The poor solubility of andrographolide impacts its bioavailability, though derivatives have been developed to improve absorption and efficacy.

Side effects

Generally, *Andrographis paniculata* is considered safe, but it can lead to some adverse events. Commonly reported side effects (occurring in more than 5% of users) include gastrointestinal disturbances and skin-related issues. Less frequently, allergic reactions and more severe side effects can manifest, particularly among those using semi-synthetic derivatives. Serious adverse events are rare, with limited data indicating a very low incidence. Notably, *Andrographis paniculata* can inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, which might affect the metabolism of concurrently taken medications. Pregnant and breastfeeding women are advised to use this herbal supplement with caution, as safety data in these populations remains scarce.

Dosage

Recommended dosages of *Andrographis paniculata* typically range from 400 mg to 1200 mg of andrographolide and its derivatives per day. For optimal therapeutic effects, dosages between 400-600 mg per day are advised, especially for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. The timing of administration is usually oral, taken 2-3 times daily. There is no established maximum safe dosage; however, exceeding 1200 mg per day is less commonly advised due to potential increased risk of side effects. The formulation plays a role in efficacy, with various forms available including capsules and tablets. Enhanced bioavailability is noted with more soluble derivatives of andrographolide—absorption may be hindered by its natural poor solubility. No specific cofactors are required to ensure the supplement's effectiveness.

FAQs

What are the safety considerations for using *Andrographis paniculata*?

Generally safe but may cause nonserious side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort. Serious allergic reactions are rare, usually linked to derivatives.

How should *Andrographis paniculata* be administered?

It is typically taken orally, 2-3 times a day. Adjust timing based on treatment goals.

When can patients expect results from *Andrographis paniculata*?

Users can anticipate symptom relief within a few days to a week, particularly for respiratory infections.

Are there misconceptions about *Andrographis paniculata*?

Some believe it is completely free of adverse events; however, mild side effects can occur.

Research Sources

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.773282/full – This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated *Andrographis paniculata*'s safety and effectiveness in treating respiratory symptoms. Findings indicate significant efficacy in relieving RTI symptoms with a very low incidence of serious side effects.
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/jicm.2023.29122.abstracts – A thorough examination of ten RCTs showed that while nonserious adverse events are common with *Andrographis paniculata*, serious events occur at a negligible rate, reinforcing its safety in therapeutic use.
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/15/3428 – This review explores the potential of andrographolide in treating neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting its oxidative stress-reducing capabilities and immune modulation.