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Andrographis Aerial Parts Extract

Also known as: Andrographis, Chuanxinlian, Fa Thalai Chon, Fa Thalai, *Andrographis paniculata*

Overview

*Andrographis paniculata* is a herbaceous plant recognized in traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for its therapeutic properties. Indigenous to India and Southeast Asia, it serves as an extract predominantly sourced from its aerial parts. The plant's principal active constituent, andrographolide, is a diterpenoid lactone with demonstrated antiviral, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory effects. *Andrographis* is primarily utilized for treating upper respiratory tract infections, non-infectious diarrhea, and autoimmune conditions. Recent interest has arisen regarding its potential role in managing mild COVID-19 symptoms. Research into the efficacy and safety of *andrographis* has matured to moderate levels, supported by several systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials, albeit with some methodological limitations in existing studies.

Benefits

Evidence indicates that *Andrographis paniculata* extract can alleviate symptoms of the common cold, such as cough and sore throat, with a systematic review suggesting it reduces the severity and duration of upper respiratory tract infections. A retrospective study scrutinizing its effects in COVID-19 patients indicated no substantial benefits in reducing pneumonia risk or symptom severity; these findings were limited by the study's design. Additional properties of *andrographis* include antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities, notably observed in preclinical contexts. While its primary benefits cater to individuals suffering from upper respiratory infections, its application in other conditions, including COVID-19, remains inconclusive, necessitating further clinical investigations.

How it works

Andrographolide, the bioactive compound in *Andrographis paniculata*, operates mainly through antiviral and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Studies indicate that it can inhibit viral proteases and spike glycoproteins, disrupting viral replication. It modulates the immune response by influencing cytokine production, thereby enhancing the body's ability to combat infections while exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. The interaction with various molecular targets makes it a versatile supplement with potential therapeutic applications across multiple diseases.

Side effects

While generally considered safe when administered within recommended dosages, *Andrographis paniculata* can elicit adverse effects, most commonly gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, reporting incidences over 5%. Additional common side effects may comprise skin rashes, headaches, runny noses, and fatigue. Less frequently, dizziness and nosebleeds have been observed. Serious adverse reactions are rare, with estimates around 0.02 per 1000 patients. Caution is advised regarding potential drug interactions, especially due to its immunomodulatory properties. Contraindications include pregnancy and breastfeeding given the lack of safety data. Notably, elderly individuals may be at higher risk for certain adverse events, demanding careful monitoring.

Dosage

The optimal dosage of *Andrographis paniculata* can vary; clinical studies often utilize dosages around 180 mg/day of andrographolide, with higher limits up to 340 mg/day deemed safe for up to 12 months. Typically, the extract is consumed in divided doses three times daily after meals to optimize absorption. The use of standardized capsules or tablets containing roughly 4% andrographolide is common. There is no well-defined maximum safe dose, and it is essential to consider individual differences in response and the potential for increased side effects at higher dosages.

FAQs

Is Andrographis safe to use?

Yes, Andrographis is generally safe for most people but may cause gastrointestinal and skin side effects. Serious adverse events are rare.

How should I take Andrographis?

It is typically taken three times a day after meals for optimal absorption.

What benefits can I expect?

You may experience relief from symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections within a few days to a week.

Is Andrographis a cure for COVID-19?

No, it is not a cure; its effectiveness against COVID-19 is still under investigation and not conclusively proven.

Research Sources

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.773282/full – This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the safety and adverse reactions associated with andrographolide derivatives, finding a 4.04% incidence of adverse events, primarily gastrointestinal disorders.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.01.22268609v1.full – A retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with mild COVID-19 showed no significant benefit of andrographis in preventing pneumonia or worsening symptoms, highlighting limitations in existing research.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33372366/ – The study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the safety of *Andrographis paniculata*, reporting common non-serious adverse events, particularly in gastrointestinal and skin-related domains, while noting the rarity of serious adverse effects.
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/4/348 – This publication provides insights into the interactions and effects of andrographis, discussing its efficacy in treating various infections while emphasizing a need for further study regarding extensive applications.
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-973/andrographis – WebMD outlines various uses of andrographis, covering its benefits, side effects, and dosing guidelines, serving as a resource for those seeking comprehensive information about the herb.