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Reishi mushroom extract

Also known as: Reishi mushroom, Lingzhi, Ganoderma lucidum

Overview

Reishi mushroom extract is derived from the fruiting body or mycelium of *Ganoderma lucidum*, a fungus traditionally used in East Asian medicine. It is primarily utilized as an immune modulator and an adjunct therapy in cancer treatment, with additional potential applications in reducing fatigue, supporting cardiovascular health, and regulating blood sugar. The key bioactive compounds include polysaccharides (such as beta-glucans), triterpenoids, and various antioxidants. Research on Reishi is moderately mature, featuring multiple randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews, particularly concerning its role in cancer adjunct therapy and immune system modulation. While some meta-analyses highlight methodological limitations in primary studies, they consistently show promising immune-enhancing effects and improvements in quality of life.

Benefits

Reishi mushroom extract offers several evidence-based benefits, primarily in immune modulation and as an adjunct in cancer therapy. Meta-analyses indicate that *G. lucidum* can increase T-cell subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8) by approximately 2-4% and may enhance natural killer (NK) cell activity, thereby supporting immune function, especially in cancer patients. When combined with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, Reishi extract has been shown to improve tumor response rates and enhance patients' quality of life, with a reported relative risk (RR) of 1.50 for a positive response when combined with chemo/radiotherapy (p=0.02). However, it is not effective as a standalone cancer treatment. Preliminary research also suggests other potential benefits, including reductions in body mass index (BMI), creatinine levels, glutathione peroxidase, and heart rate, hinting at possible cardiovascular and metabolic advantages. The reported side effects are minimal, mainly mild nausea and insomnia, with no significant hematological or hepatic toxicity observed in trials.

How it works

The therapeutic effects of Reishi mushroom extract are primarily attributed to its polysaccharides and triterpenoids. These compounds modulate immune function by activating T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, influencing cytokine production, and altering inflammatory pathways. They interact with various immune receptors to enhance cellular immunity and also exert antioxidant effects, protecting cells from oxidative stress. The bioavailability of these compounds varies; polysaccharides are generally water-soluble, while triterpenoids are more lipophilic, which affects their absorption and overall efficacy depending on the extraction method used. This complex interaction with the immune system and cellular processes underpins its role as an immune modulator and its potential benefits in various health conditions.

Side effects

Reishi mushroom extract is generally considered safe with a low incidence of adverse effects. The most common side effects, affecting more than 5% of users, include mild gastrointestinal discomfort and nausea. Less common side effects, occurring in 1-5% of individuals, may include insomnia and dry mouth. Rare side effects, affecting less than 1% of users, such as allergic reactions, have been anecdotally reported. It is crucial to exercise caution due to potential interactions with certain medications. Reishi may interact with immunosuppressants, potentially reducing their efficacy, and with anticoagulants, which could increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, individuals on such medications should consult a healthcare professional before use. Reishi is also contraindicated in individuals with autoimmune diseases or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy without strict medical supervision, as its immune-modulating effects could exacerbate these conditions or interfere with treatment.

Dosage

Effective doses of Reishi mushroom extract in clinical trials vary significantly, typically ranging from 1.5 to 9 grams of dried mushroom extract daily when taken orally. The optimal dosage is highly dependent on the extract's standardization, specifically its content of active compounds like polysaccharides or triterpenoids. For consistent immune benefits, it is often recommended to take Reishi daily, preferably with meals. While there is no established maximum safe dose, higher doses may increase the likelihood of experiencing mild side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort. Users should always refer to product-specific recommendations and consider consulting a healthcare professional to determine an appropriate dosage, especially when addressing specific health concerns or combining with other treatments.

FAQs

Is Reishi safe for long-term use?

Generally, Reishi is considered safe for long-term use, but comprehensive long-term safety data from extensive studies are still limited. Most studies show minimal side effects.

Can Reishi replace chemotherapy?

No, Reishi mushroom extract is an adjunct therapy, meaning it is used in addition to conventional cancer treatments like chemotherapy, not as a substitute for them.

How soon do benefits appear?

Improvements in immune modulation and quality of life may be observed within a few weeks to several months of consistent Reishi supplementation, depending on the individual and condition.

Are all Reishi supplements equal?

No, the quality of Reishi supplements varies significantly. Look for products that specify their extraction method and are standardized for active compounds like polysaccharides and triterpenoids.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27045603/ – This systematic review and meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials found that Ganoderma lucidum, when combined with chemo/radiotherapy, significantly improved tumor response rates (RR 1.50, p=0.02) and increased T-cell subsets, leading to enhanced quality of life with minimal side effects. The study highlighted methodological weaknesses in primary studies but concluded that G. lucidum is a safe and effective adjunct for cancer patients.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6353236/ – This article discusses the immunomodulatory effects of Ganoderma lucidum, particularly its ability to increase T-cell subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8) and enhance natural killer cell activity. It supports the use of Reishi as an immune modulator and an adjunct in cancer therapy, reinforcing findings from other meta-analyses regarding its safety and efficacy in improving immune function and quality of life.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/fsn3.70423 – This preliminary randomized controlled trial indicated that Reishi supplementation reduced BMI, creatinine levels, glutathione peroxidase, and heart rate. These findings suggest potential metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, though the study's limitations, such as unspecified sample size and limited reporting, necessitate further rigorous replication to confirm these effects.