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Morus Alba Extract

Also known as: White Mulberry, Mulberry, Morus alba

Overview

*Morus alba*, commonly known as White Mulberry, is a plant native to Asia and cultivated for both its fruits and leaves. Traditionally, both parts have been utilized in medicine for a variety of health benefits, primarily focusing on their antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiobesity, and antioxidant properties. This herbal supplement is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and anthocyanins, which contribute to its therapeutic effects. Current research on *Morus alba* suggests moderate to high efficacy in managing conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its ability to lower postprandial glucose levels and enhance glucose uptake. Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses highlight the effectiveness of *Morus alba* extracts and their quality, though further extensive studies are warranted to validate some claims.

Benefits

The primary benefit of *Morus alba* extracts is their significant reduction in postprandial glucose levels, evidenced by a meta-analysis showing reductions at various time points post-consumption. For instance, glucose levels decreased by 1.04 mg/dL at 30 minutes after intake. Additionally, *Morus alba* improves insulin sensitivity through the activation of key metabolic pathways such as IRS-1/PI3K/Akt, leading to enhanced expression of GLUT4, resulting in better glucose uptake. Secondary benefits include potential antihyperlipidemic effects, as some studies suggest improvements in lipid profiles, and antiobesity effects through the inhibition of digestive enzymes. The most pronounced benefits are observed in individuals with T2DM, showcasing moderate to large effect sizes which are clinically significant.

How it works

*Morus alba* exerts its effects primarily by activating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which enhances glucose uptake in tissues. The extract's bioactive compounds, such as chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, also inhibit digestive enzymes like pancreatic α-amylase and lipase, reducing the absorption of carbohydrates and fats. This dual action not only aids in regulating blood sugar levels but also contributes to lipid metabolism and weight management, while simultaneously increasing antioxidant activity through AMPK activation, promoting overall metabolic health.

Side effects

*Morus alba* is generally regarded as safe, with no serious adverse effects reported in well-designed studies. Common side effects are not prevalent, as none were reported in the reviewed literature. There has been no documentation of uncommon side effects, and the risk of gastrointestinal side effects is notably lower compared to other drugs like acarbose. Although there are concerns for interactions with antidiabetic medications due to its hypoglycemic effects, specific interactions have not been well-documented. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare professionals before use, given the limited safety data in these populations. Overall, *Morus alba* carries a favorable safety profile when used appropriately.

Dosage

The dosage of *Morus alba* extracts varies widely based on the specific formulation and concentration of active compounds. Generally, a minimum effective dose is not well-defined, but studies often utilize dosages ranging from 500 mg to 1000 mg per day. Optimal dosages identified are more likely to utilize standardized extracts enriched in key phytochemicals. While no upper limit for safety has been established, doses as high as 1 g/kg body weight have been used in animal studies without adverse effects. Timing is crucial; it is recommended to take the extract before meals to enhance its effectiveness on glucose and fat absorption. Additionally, forms like organic extracts may show better efficacy than aqueous ones due to improved compound extraction.

FAQs

How should I take *Morus alba*?

It is best taken before meals to maximize its glucose and fat absorption inhibitory effects.

What is the recommended dosage?

Typical dosages range from 500 mg to 1000 mg per day, depending on the specific extract and its concentration.

Are there any interactions with medications?

Monitor your blood sugar levels closely if you are taking antidiabetic medications, as *Morus alba* can potentially enhance their effects.

What results can I expect?

Users can expect reduced postprandial glucose levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and potential weight loss as benefits.

Is *Morus alba* a substitute for diabetes medication?

*Morus alba* is not a replacement for standard diabetes treatment but may be used as a complementary therapy under medical supervision.

Research Sources

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26972284/ – This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of *Morus alba* on blood glucose and lipid levels, highlighting significant reductions in postprandial glucose across multiple time points but noting limitations in other lipid markers.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34912543/ – The systematic review included 29 studies focusing on the medicinal properties of *Morus alba* for T2DM, concluding that the extracts improved glucose uptake and possess antioxidant effects.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/clinical-diabetes-and-healthcare/articles/10.3389/fcdhc.2024.1395688/full – This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the weight management potential of *Morus alba*, identifying its role in inhibiting digestive enzymes and enhancing metabolic health through various mechanisms.